Biology, Free Full-Text

Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 09 novembro 2024
Biology, Free Full-Text
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of organisms known for producing highly potent cyanotoxins that pose a threat to human, animal, and environmental health. These toxins have varying chemical structures and toxicity mechanisms and several toxin classes can be present simultaneously, making it difficult to assess their toxic effects using physico-chemical methods, even when the producing organism and its abundance are identified. To address these challenges, alternative organisms among aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates are being explored as more assays evolve and diverge from the initially established and routinely used mouse bioassay. However, detecting cyanotoxins in complex environmental samples and characterizing their toxic modes of action remain major challenges. This review provides a systematic overview of the use of some of these alternative models and their responses to harmful cyanobacterial metabolites. It also assesses the general usefulness, sensitivity, and efficiency of these models in investigating the mechanisms of cyanotoxicity expressed at different levels of biological organization. From the reported findings, it is clear that cyanotoxin testing requires a multi-level approach. While studying changes at the whole-organism level is essential, as the complexities of whole organisms are still beyond the reach of in vitro methodologies, understanding cyanotoxicity at the molecular and biochemical levels is necessary for meaningful toxicity evaluations. Further research is needed to refine and optimize bioassays for cyanotoxicity testing, which includes developing standardized protocols and identifying novel model organisms for improved understanding of the mechanisms with fewer ethical concerns. In vitro models and computational modeling can complement vertebrate bioassays and reduce animal use, leading to better risk assessment and characterization of cyanotoxins.
Biology, Free Full-Text
Biology concept word art Royalty Free Vector Image
Biology, Free Full-Text
Free High School Biology Workbook - Guest Hollow
Biology, Free Full-Text
20 free Magazines from EJABF.EG.NET
Biology, Free Full-Text
Grade 9 Biology free full textbook ICSE
Biology, Free Full-Text
Bold biology font Royalty Free Vector Image - VectorStock
Biology, Free Full-Text
BioRxiv: a free online archive and distribution service for unpublished preprints in biology
Biology, Free Full-Text
A text-book of animal physiology [microform] : with introductory chapters on general biology and a full treatment of reproduction, for students of human and comparative (veterinary) medicine and of general biology.
Biology, Free Full-Text
Genes, Free Full-Text, Mapping DNA Topoisomerase Binding and Cleavage Genome Wide Using Next-Generation Sequ…
Biology, Free Full-Text
Premium Vector Biology text effect. editable font style.
Biology, Free Full-Text
Unit 1 - Biology Basics - Review Guide ⋆
Biology, Free Full-Text
Biology, Free Full-Text

© 2014-2024 faktorgumruk.com. All rights reserved.